Publication date: 01.02.2026
A sworn translation in Poland is an official translation of documents performed by a translator who has state accreditation and is entered in the register of sworn translators. Such a translation is certified by the translator's signature and seal and has full legal force for use in state, judicial, and administrative bodies.
In practice, foreigners often encounter misunderstandings about when a sworn translation of documents should be sworn, and when a regular translation is sufficient. Because of this, some order expensive translations without real need, while others submit documents that the authorities simply do not accept. It is this confusion that gives rise to numerous myths about translations that can cost time, money, and even result in rejection of the case.
When a sworn translation is mandatory by law
Polish legislation and administrative practice clearly define the situations in which foreign documents must have the status of a sworn translation. Most often, this applies to procedures where the document directly creates or confirms the legal rights and obligations of a person.
In particular, sworn translation in Poland is mandatory in the following cases:
- submission of documents to the voivodeship administration;
- procedures related to the residence card;
- judicial and administrative proceedings;
- registration of civil status acts;
- confirmation of education, diplomas, and work experience.
In such situations, translation for the voivode that does not have sworn status is usually not accepted regardless of the quality or accuracy of the text. The authorities do not analyze the content of such a document, but simply recognize it as formally unsuitable.
When a sworn translation is not necessary
At the same time, not every case requires official certification of the translation. Polish authorities have the right to accept documents without a sworn translation if they do not create direct legal consequences or are of an auxiliary nature.
In practice, mandatory translation of documents is not required when:
- a simple translation is sufficient for familiarization;
- documents are multilingual;
- the authority independently assesses the content without formal translation;
- documents are submitted as additional explanations or certificates.
Ignorance of these nuances often forces people to order sworn translations “just in case”, although the law does not require this.
Typical myths about sworn translation
The most common myths about translations arise due to the lack of clear consultation and different practices of institutions. Among them, the following statements are most often encountered:
- a sworn translation is always needed;
- all documents should be translated in the same way;
- any translator is suitable for official procedures;
- the translation can be submitted after filing documents;
- the requirements are the same in all authorities.
In practice, each of these myths can lead to serious problems — from delaying the case to an official refusal to consider documents.
What problems arise without the right approach to translations
An incorrectly chosen type of translation often becomes a formal basis for a negative decision. The most common problems include the return of documents without consideration, the need to resubmit them, missed deadlines, or additional financial costs.
A particularly risky situation is when translation for the voivode is submitted without sworn status in a case where this is a mandatory requirement. Even a text that is perfect in content has no legal significance in such circumstances.
How a lawyer can help with document translation
Legal support allows you to avoid most errors at the document preparation stage. A lawyer analyzes a specific situation, determines which documents require a sworn translation, and where a regular translation is sufficient.
Professional support with documents includes:
- assessment of the requirements of a specific authority;
- determining the feasibility of a sworn translation;
- coordination of work with translators;
- checking the completeness of the document package;
- reducing the risk of refusals or delays.
A correct understanding of when a sworn translation is required helps avoid unnecessary costs and procedural problems. Consultant Legal Marketplace will help you determine the optimal translation format for your situation and go through the procedure without errors. If you need professional assistance, contact us for advice.
FAQ — frequently asked questions
Question
Is a sworn translation always required in Poland?
Answer
No, the requirement depends on the type of case and the authority to which the documents are submitted.
Question
Will the voivode accept a regular translation?
Answer
In most procedures, no — translation for the voivode must be sworn.
Question
Is it possible to submit documents without translation and provide it later?
Answer
In some cases, this is possible, but it often leads to delays or the return of the case.
Question
Who determines what translation is needed?
Answer
Formally, the authority does, but in practice it is advisable to consult a lawyer in advance.
Question
Can a lawyer help with translations?
Answer
Yes, legal support includes analysis of requirements and coordination of translations in accordance with the procedure.
